Simplified Algorithm for Dynamic Demand Response in Smart Homes Under Smart Grid Environment

Under Smart Grid environment, the consumers may respond to incentive--based smart energy tariffs for a particular consumption pattern. Demand Response (DR) is a portfolio of signaling schemes from the utility to the consumers for load shifting/shedding with a given deadline. The signaling schemes include Time--of--Use (ToU) pricing, Maximum Demand Limit (MDL) signals etc. This paper proposes a DR algorithm which schedules the operation of home appliances/loads through a minimization problem. The category of loads and their operational timings in a day have been considered as the operational parameters of the system. These operational parameters determine the dynamic priority of a load, which is an intermediate step of this algorithm. The ToU pricing, MDL signals, and the dynamic priority of loads are the constraints in this formulated minimization problem, which yields an optimal schedule of operation for each participating load within the consumer provided duration. The objective is to flatten the daily load curve of a smart home by distributing the operation of its appliances in possible low--price intervals without violating the MDL constraint. This proposed algorithm is simulated in MATLAB environment against various test cases. The obtained results are plotted to depict significant monetary savings and flattened load curves.Comment: This paper was accepted and presented in 2019 IEEE PES GTD Grand International Conference and Exposition Asia (GTD Asia). Furthermore, the conference proceedings has been published in IEEE Xplor

Hydrostatic pressure effect on Tc of new BiS2 based Bi4O4S3 and NdO0.5F0.5BiS2 layered superconductors

We investigate the external hydrostatic pressure effect on the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of new layered superconductors Bi4O4S3 and NdO0.5F0.5BiS2. Though the Tc is found to have moderate decrease from 4.8 K to 4.3 K (dTconset/dP = -0.28 K/GPa) for Bi4O4S3 superconductor, the same increases from 4.6 K to 5 K (dTconset/dP = 0.44 K/GPa) upto 1.31 GPa followed by a sudden decrease from 5 K to 4.7 K upto 1.75 GPa for NdO0.5F0.5BiS2 superconductor. The variation of Tc in these systems may be correlated to increase or decrease of the charge carriers in the density of states under externally applied pressure.Comment: 3 pages text +Fig

DELAYED MITOGENIC STIMULATION DECREASES DNA DAMAGE ASSESSED BY MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES AFTER 60CO IRRADIATION

While contradictory reports are available on the yield of dicentric chromosomes (DC) in blood samples stored at different temperature and stimulated to enter into cell cycle, various times gap followed by exposure, limited information is available on the micronucleus (MN) assay. As scoring the micronuclei frequency from the blood lymphocytes of exposed individuals is an alternative to the gold standard DC assay for triage applications, we examined radiation induced MN yield in delayed mitogenic stimulation after irradiation of in vitro. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were exposed to low LET (60Co) radiation dose (0.1 to 5Gy) and incubated at 37°C for 2, 6 and 24 hours. The MN frequency obtained in blood samples stimulated 2 hours post-irradiation showed a dose dependent increase and used to construct the dose-response curve. Further, the results also showed that blood samples stimulated twenty four hours of post-irradiation, a significant reduction (p\u3c0.05) in MN frequencies were obtained when compared to that of blood samples stimulated two hours and six hours after post-irradiation (0.5, 1, 3 and 5Gy). The observed result suggests that the prolonged PBL storage without mitogenic stimulation could lead to interphase cell death and a delayed blood sampling could results in underestimation of dose in biological dosimetry

Influence of Growth Time on Zinc Oxide Nano Rods Prepared By Dip Coating Method

ABSTRACT: The Dip coating method was used for the preparation of ZnO nano rods and their structural, morphological, optical and photoluminescence properties were taken for study. ZnO seed layer thin films were prepared by dip coating method on well cleaned glass substrates. ZnO seed-coated glass substrates were immersed in aqueous solution of zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) at three different growth time of 3, 4 and 5 hours at low temperature of 90°C. 0.02 mol of Zinc nitrate and 0.2 mol of Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) on 1:10 molar concentration were used for the growth of Zinc oxide nano rods. The growth time influence on the surface morphology of the films was examined. The structure of the ZnO nano rod was studied with X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology was studied with Scanning Electron Microscope. The absorption and transmittance was studied with UVVis spectrophotometer. The excitation studies were examined with photoluminescence spectroscopy. Experimental results have shown that prepared ZnO nano rods by this method have increase in c-axis orientation due to increase in growth time

Capacity Behaviour using WSDV Scheme over WiMAX

The objective of this project is to create Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) for 4th generation mobile wireless networks in which it is foreseen that mobile Television (TV) services will reproduce rapidly. In television applications are bandwidth hogs that cause a challenging capacity problem in wireless networks. To address this challenge, a novel scheme for mobile Television services over WiMAX network, called the Wireless Switched Digital Video (WSDV) scheme, is proposed. Compared with the conventional broadcast or unicast schemes, the hybrid approach introduced in the proposed WSDV approach exploits the merits of two conventional schemes and mitigates their demerits, which enables it to increase wireless capacity for mobile Television services. The analytical model can capture the details of WiMAX resource allocation and take into consideration the popularity of the mobile Television contents being viewed by users enabling it to provide an accurate estimate of the amount of bandwidth required for WiMAX TV services and also enabling a designer to optimally select the number of channels via the WSDV service while meeting a desired level of blocking probability. The proposed optimized scheme outperforms the conventional schemes with respect to blocking probability. Finally, an end-to-end solution to the WSDV scheme is also presented

A Comparison of Swimming Economy Between Two Full-Sleeve Wetsuits

A wetsuit is an important piece of equipment that a triathlete uses during their swim-bike-run race. Wetsuits differ based on style (e.g., full-sleeve or sleeveless), manufacturer and price. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare swimming economy in two full-sleeve wetsuits in a group of recreational swimmers and triathletes. METHODS: Nine men (34.3 ± 13.3 years old) and six women (37.8 ± 16.0 years old) completed a progressive swim test to exhaustion in a swim flume without a wetsuit to determine their peak rate of oxygen consumption (VO2peak). This was followed by three 5-min swimming bouts at a constant, submaximal speed. The three trials were randomized and consisted of an entry-level full-sleeve wetsuit (blueseventy Sprint), a high-end full-sleeve wetsuit (blueseventy Helix) and no wetsuit. Rates of O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured using a metabolic cart and heart rate was determined with a chest strap. Data from the last 2 min of each submaximal swimming trial were analyzed. RESULTS: Peak rate of O2 consumption was 40.6 ± 8.0 ml kg-1 min-1 and corresponded to a respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg scale) of 0.97 ± 0.07, 165 ± 12 bpm, and 16.2 ± 1.7, respectively. The pace for the submaximal swimming trials was 1.02 ± 0.14 m/s, which corresponded to 79.7% ± 6.7% of their VO2peak. The subjects expended 9.8 ± 2.7 and 9.9 ± 2.9 kcal/min while swimming in the high-end and entry-level wetsuit, respectively. Both wetsuits reduced energy expenditure compared to swimming without a wetsuit (11.8 ± 3.5 kcal/min; p \u3c 0.001). Heart rate was significantly higher (p \u3c 0.001) with no wetsuit (146 ± 12 bpm), but did not differ between wetsuits (high-end 137 ± 13 bpm; entry-level 137 ±15 bpm). Arm cadence did not differ between trials (p = 0.571). Lastly, RPE was 12.1 ± 1.6 with no wetsuit compared to 10.9 ± 1.4 (p = 0.018) and 11.1 ± 1.5 (p = 0.051) for the high-end and entry-level wetsuits, respectively. CONCLUSION: The were no differences in any measured variable between wetsuits, although swimming with either wetsuit was more economical compared to swimming without a wetsuit. Data from this study suggest that a wetsuit should be worn when allowed but that the specific model of wetsuit may be less important. Future studies should compare two homogenous groups of swimmers or triathletes (e.g., elite vs. beginner) or see how wearing a wetsuit affects performance during the cycling segment of a triathlon